Journal: Diagnostics

Article Title: Phonosurgical Treatment of Laryngeal Leukoplakia and Dysplasia: Results of Multidimensional Voice Diagnostics Including the VEM

doi: 10.3390/diagnostics16081242

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intraoperative comparison of treatment modalities: Removal of leukoplakic vocal fold changes using cold steel forceps ( left ), CO 2 laser ( center ), and blue laser ( right ).

Article Snippet: This involved the use of laryngeal scissors and forceps (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany), the AcuPulse 30W/40 ST CO 2 laser system (Lumenis, Yokneam, Israel), and the WOLF TrueBlue surgical laser (A.R.C.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Fractional carbon dioxide laser-induced photothermal activation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes accelerates diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.112942

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-energy fractional CO 2 laser-induced heat stress enhances heat shock protein 90 expression in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. a P < 0.05, b P < 0.01, c P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). A: Infrared thermal images of cell culture dishes following CO 2 laser irradiation; B: Photothermal curve; C and D: Western blot analysis of heat shock protein 90 protein expression; E and F: Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis. HSP90: Heat-shock protein 90; NC: Negative control; V-FITC: Vascular fluorescein isothiocyanate.

Article Snippet: When Ad-MSCs reached approximately 80% confluence, they were subjected to a single session of fractional CO 2 laser irradiation using the UltraPulse Encore CO 2 laser system (Lumenis, United States).

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Cell Culture, Irradiation, Western Blot, Negative Control

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Fractional carbon dioxide laser-induced photothermal activation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes accelerates diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.112942

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of exosomes. A: Transmission electron microscopy images showing the morphology of exosomes (Exos) and CO 2 laser-Exos. Scale bar = 100 nm; B: Western blot analysis of exosomal markers CD63 and tumor susceptibility gene 101 in Exos and CO 2 laser-Exos; C: Nanoparticle tracking analysis of size distribution of Exos and CO 2 laser-Exos; D: Confocal laser scanning microscopy showing the uptake of PKH26-labeled Exos and CO 2 laser-Exos by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exos and nuclei were stained red and blue, respectively. Scale bar = 10 μm. Exos: Exosomes; CO 2 laser-Exos: Exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; TSG101: Tumor susceptibility gene 101.

Article Snippet: When Ad-MSCs reached approximately 80% confluence, they were subjected to a single session of fractional CO 2 laser irradiation using the UltraPulse Encore CO 2 laser system (Lumenis, United States).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Western Blot, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Labeling, Staining, Derivative Assay

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Fractional carbon dioxide laser-induced photothermal activation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes accelerates diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.112942

Figure Lengend Snippet: CO 2 laser-exosomes promote angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. a P < 0.05, b P < 0.01, c P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). A and B: 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine incorporation assay to assess the proliferative capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Scale bar = 100 μm; C: Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to evaluate the viability of HUVECs after treatment with high glucose and exosomes; D and E: Transwell migration assay to evaluate the migratory ability of HUVECs. Scale bar = 200 μm; F and G: In vitro wound healing assay to assess cell migration. Scale bar = 200 μm; H and I: Tube formation assay to evaluate the ability of HUVECs to form capillary-like structures. Scale bar = 200 μm; J and K: Western blot analysis of the expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B, protein kinase B, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A. NG: Normal glucose; HG: High glucose; Exos: Exosomes; CO 2 laser-Exos: Exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; EdU: 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine; AKT: Protein kinase B; p-AKT: Phosphorylated protein kinase B; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A.

Article Snippet: When Ad-MSCs reached approximately 80% confluence, they were subjected to a single session of fractional CO 2 laser irradiation using the UltraPulse Encore CO 2 laser system (Lumenis, United States).

Techniques: Cell Counting, Transwell Migration Assay, In Vitro, Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Tube Formation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Derivative Assay

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Fractional carbon dioxide laser-induced photothermal activation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes accelerates diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.112942

Figure Lengend Snippet: The sphingosine-1-phosphate/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling axis mediates exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-induced angiogenesis. a P < 0.05, b P < 0.01, c P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). A: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of sphingosine-1-phosphate concentrations in activated supernatant from non-irradiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs), activated supernatant from laser-irradiated Ad-MSCs, exosomes, and exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned Ad-MSCs; B: Relative mRNA expression levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR1)-3 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs); C and D: Western blot and quantitative analysis of the relative protein expression of S1PR1-3 in HUVECs; E and F: 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine incorporation assay to evaluate HUVEC proliferation. Scale bar = 100 μm; G: Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to assess HUVEC viability; H and I: Transwell migration assay to evaluate HUVEC motility. Scale bar = 200 μm; J and K: In vitro wound healing assay to assess migration. Scale bar = 200 μm; L and M: Tube formation assay to examine capillary-like network formation by HUVECs. Scale bar = 200 μm; N and O: Western blot analysis of the expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B, protein kinase B, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and S1PR1. NC: Activated supernatant from non-irradiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; NG: Normal glucose; HG: High glucose; HP: High permeability; CO 2 laser-AS: Activated supernatant from laser-irradiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Exos: Exosomes; CO 2 laser-Exos: Exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; EdU: 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine; S1P: Sphingosine-1-phosphate; S1PR: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor; shS1PR: Short hairpin RNA targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor; AKT: Protein kinase B; p-AKT: Phosphorylated protein kinase B; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A.

Article Snippet: When Ad-MSCs reached approximately 80% confluence, they were subjected to a single session of fractional CO 2 laser irradiation using the UltraPulse Encore CO 2 laser system (Lumenis, United States).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Irradiation, Expressing, Western Blot, Cell Counting, Transwell Migration Assay, In Vitro, Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Tube Formation Assay, Permeability, shRNA

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Fractional carbon dioxide laser-induced photothermal activation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes accelerates diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.112942

Figure Lengend Snippet: LY294002 suppresses exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells -induced angiogenesis. b P < 0.01; c P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). A and B: Western blot analysis of phosphorylated protein kinase B, protein kinase B, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A protein expression levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with LY294002 vs negative control and LY294002 + exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells vs exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; C and D: 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine incorporation assay to assess HUVEC proliferation. Scale bar = 100 μm; E: Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to evaluate HUVEC viability; F and G: Transwell migration assay to assess the migratory capacity of HUVECs. Scale bar = 200 μm; H and I: In vitro wound healing assay to evaluate cell migration. Scale bar = 200 μm; J and K: Tube formation assay to examine the formation of capillary-like structures by HUVECs. Scale bar = 200 μm. EdU: 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine; NC: Negative control; CO 2 laser-Exos: Exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; AKT: Protein kinase B; p-AKT: Phosphorylated protein kinase B; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A.

Article Snippet: When Ad-MSCs reached approximately 80% confluence, they were subjected to a single session of fractional CO 2 laser irradiation using the UltraPulse Encore CO 2 laser system (Lumenis, United States).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Negative Control, Cell Counting, Transwell Migration Assay, In Vitro, Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Tube Formation Assay

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Fractional carbon dioxide laser-induced photothermal activation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes accelerates diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.112942

Figure Lengend Snippet: SC79 enhances exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-induced angiogenesis. b P < 0.01; c P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). A and B: Western blot analysis of phosphorylated protein kinase B, protein kinase B, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A protein levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with SC79 vs negative control and SC79 + short hairpin RNA targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor vs short hairpin RNA targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor; C and D: 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine incorporation assay to assess cell proliferation. Scale bar = 100 μm; E: Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to evaluate the viability of HUVECs; F and G: Transwell assay to assess HUVEC migration. Scale bar = 200 μm; H and I: In vitro wound healing assay to assess the migratory capacity of HUVECs. Scale bar = 200 μm; J and K: Tube formation assay to visualize the capillary-like structure formation in HUVECs. Scale bar = 200 μm. EdU: 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine; NC: Negative control; shS1PR1: Short hairpin RNA targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor; AKT: Protein kinase B; p-AKT: Phosphorylated protein kinase B; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A.

Article Snippet: When Ad-MSCs reached approximately 80% confluence, they were subjected to a single session of fractional CO 2 laser irradiation using the UltraPulse Encore CO 2 laser system (Lumenis, United States).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Negative Control, shRNA, Cell Counting, Transwell Assay, Migration, In Vitro, Wound Healing Assay, Tube Formation Assay

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Fractional carbon dioxide laser-induced photothermal activation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes accelerates diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.112942

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerate angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. b P < 0.01; c P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 6). A and B: Representative images of full-thickness skin defects in non-diabetic mice and diabetic mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline, exosomes, or exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on 0 day, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 14 days post-surgery; C and D: Quantification of hematoxylin and eosin staining and skin thickness on day 14. Scale bar = 100 μm; E and F: Quantification of Masson’s trichrome staining and collagen deposition on day 14. Scale bar = 100 μm; G and H: Representative immunohistochemical staining images for CD31. Scale bar = 100 μm. NC: Negative control; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; Exos: Exosomes; CO 2 laser-Exos: Exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Article Snippet: When Ad-MSCs reached approximately 80% confluence, they were subjected to a single session of fractional CO 2 laser irradiation using the UltraPulse Encore CO 2 laser system (Lumenis, United States).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Saline, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Negative Control

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Fractional carbon dioxide laser-induced photothermal activation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes accelerates diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.112942

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration showing that low-energy fractional CO 2 laser enhances heat-shock protein 90 expression in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via photothermal effects, thereby improving the biological activity of their derived exosomes. These exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote angiogenesis and accelerate diabetic wound healing by activating the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor/protein kinase B/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathway. Ad-MSCs: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; CO 2 laser-Exos: Exosomes derived from CO 2 laser-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; HSP90: Heat-shock protein 90; AKT: Protein kinase B; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A; S1P: Sphingosine-1-phosphate; S1PR: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor; HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Article Snippet: When Ad-MSCs reached approximately 80% confluence, they were subjected to a single session of fractional CO 2 laser irradiation using the UltraPulse Encore CO 2 laser system (Lumenis, United States).

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: International Journal of Dermatology

Article Title: Molecular Changes Induced by Carbon Dioxide Laser in Hailey‐Hailey Disease: A Potential Mechanism Underlying Treatment Efficacy

doi: 10.1111/ijd.70229

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biopsy protocol and CO 2 laser treatment. (a) Patient with bilateral inguinal involvement. Two biopsies are obtained on one side, labeled as 0 (clinically unaffected skin adjacent to the lesions) and 1 (lesional skin scheduled for CO 2 laser treatment). (b–d) CO 2 laser treatment of one affected side; the contralateral side is treated during a subsequent visit. (e) Clinical appearance at 6‐month follow‐up, showing complete resolution of lesions. At this time, two additional biopsies are obtained, labeled as 2 (previously affected, laser‐treated skin) and 3 (adjacent untreated healthy skin) for subsequent gene‐expression analysis.

Article Snippet: We used the Lumenis AcuPulse CO 2 ablative laser with a wavelength of 10,600 nm, operating with the following parameters: F200 scanner, 8‐mm spot size, 4‐mm depth, 0.50‐s duration, and 24 watts of power.

Techniques: Labeling, Gene Expression

Journal: International Journal of Dermatology

Article Title: Molecular Changes Induced by Carbon Dioxide Laser in Hailey‐Hailey Disease: A Potential Mechanism Underlying Treatment Efficacy

doi: 10.1111/ijd.70229

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap showing changes in gene expression when comparing healthy skin with skin affected by HHD before and after CO 2 laser treatment from transcriptomics microarrays. The color bar codifies the gene expression in a log 2 scale. Higher gene expression corresponds to redder color, while bluer color represents a lower gene expression intensity.

Article Snippet: We used the Lumenis AcuPulse CO 2 ablative laser with a wavelength of 10,600 nm, operating with the following parameters: F200 scanner, 8‐mm spot size, 4‐mm depth, 0.50‐s duration, and 24 watts of power.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Transcriptomics

Journal: International Journal of Dermatology

Article Title: Molecular Changes Induced by Carbon Dioxide Laser in Hailey‐Hailey Disease: A Potential Mechanism Underlying Treatment Efficacy

doi: 10.1111/ijd.70229

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression changes in affected skin before and after CO 2 laser treatment. Bar graph showing relative quantification (RQ) of gene expression analyzed by qPCR. Post‐treatment, affected skin demonstrates increased expression of ATP2C1 and DEFB103A genes, alongside decreased expression of genes associated with keratinization and inflammatory pathways.

Article Snippet: We used the Lumenis AcuPulse CO 2 ablative laser with a wavelength of 10,600 nm, operating with the following parameters: F200 scanner, 8‐mm spot size, 4‐mm depth, 0.50‐s duration, and 24 watts of power.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Quantitative Proteomics, Expressing